Clinical trials of pharmacological therapies in acute heart failure syndromes: lessons learned and directions forward.

G. Michael Felker, MD, MHS; Peter S. Pang, MD; Kirkwood F. Adams, MD; John G.F. Cleland, MD; Gad Cotter, MD; Kenneth Dickstein, MD; Gerasimos S. Filippatos, MD; Gregg C. Fonarow, MD; Barry H. Greenberg, MD; Adrian F. Hernandez, MD, MHS; Sadiya Khan, MD; Michel Komajda, MD; Marvin A. Konstam, MD; Peter P. Liu, MD; Aldo P. Maggioni, MD; Barry M. Massie, MD; John J. McMurray, MD; Mandeep Mehra, MD; Marco Metra, MD; John O’Connell, MD; Christopher M. O’Connor, MD; Ileana L. Pina, MD; Piotr Ponikowski, MD; Hani N. Sabbah, PhD; John R. Teerlink, MD; James E. Udelson, MD; Clyde W. Yancy, MD; Faiez Zannad, MD, PhD; Mihai Gheorghiade, MD; on behalf of the International AHFS Working Group